Freising
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It was here that Streicher was tortured in direct violation of the Geneva Convention. (At this time he was not even indicted or accused of a crime.) Historian Werner Maser devoted two pages to this in his 1977 book Nuremberg: Tribunal der Sieger (the 1979 American edition of which suffered a strange, toned-down metamorphosis in title: Nuremberg: A Nation on Trial). Maser's source, which he quoted chillingly in full, was a manuscript account by Streicher describing the most unspeakable tortures and degradations inflicted upon him by U.S. Army negroes and Jews. The manuscript was written for Streicher's lawyer, Dr. Hanns Marx, and is now in Maser's possession. Maser accepted the truth of this account, commenting that

. . . For two decades Streicher had reviled, slandered and insulted world Jewry, had offered them up to racial fanatics as vermin; so. eighteen months before his execution by hanging, he found himself with a personal account to square; the "holy wrath" of his victims led them to apply the Old Testament law of "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth."

Streicher's biographer William P. Varga, in his 1981 book The Number One Nazi Jew-Baiter (actually a fairly serious work, despite the comic-book title) mentions the allegation of torture at Freising:

[U.S. Army Intelligence Captain John) Dolibois later related that Streicher complained bitterly of his treatment at the hands of American soldiers before his transfer to Mondorf. Evidently his notoriety as a fanatic racial persecutor was known to the troops at Freising. Streicher claimed that he and his wife were forced by some black American soldiers to walk in public stripped of their clothes. These soldiers allegedly spat on them and extinguished cigarettes on their bare skin. At Mondorf, an unconfirmed report was circulated stating that some soldiers had taken photographs that showed Streicher dressed only in an open coat, with swollen testicles and a crown of thorns on his head with a sign draped over his neck with the words "Julius Streicher, King of the Jews."

However, Varga goes on to describe "most of Streicher's complaints" of such treatment as "extremely questionable"; they were "apparently fabricated." The only basis he presents for this skepticism is a letter written by Streicher at Mondorf in June 1945 to former Stürmer colleagues, in which are mentioned "only" his uncomfortable handcuffs, and his having been forced to stamp out cigarettes with bare feet. For biographer Varga, this constitutes evidence that Streicher "fabricated" other stories. He does not seem to have considered that in writing this particular letter, Streicher may have suffered under constraints as mundane as time or as special as censorship. His argument against Streicher's veracity here is rather obviously a grasp at the only straw - and a very thin one - available. Varga in 1981 was apparently unaware of the lengthy, detailed Streicher statement published by Maser in 1977. (Maser's book is not listed in his bibliography.) That Streicher made a point in this statement of mentioning who had treated him well in addition to who had treated him badly, delineating clearly between these types and their actions with details as to time, place, and names where he knew them, would seem to auger the truth of what it contains.

The acceptance of the statement as a genuine, honest record by Werner Maser - a respected historian hardly partial to National Socialism, much less to the Julius Streicher variety - is unquestionably well-founded.




Jews have lived in Freising since the Middle Ages as shown in a book of 1328 featuring some articles on the special regulations concerning the Jews. In 1464 and in all probability also 1488, Freising provided the meeting place of a large negotiation between the emperor and Jews (Vorladungsschreiben archives of the core diocese Munich and Freising, Heck 261, printed in Amperland, 1991 number 1, page 41).
Nearer our time four Jews lived in Freising in 1870 and rose in 1925 to 26. One of the first Jews who demonstrably established himself here was Isaac Raphael Ignaz Neuburger (born 30iv1853 in Buchau in Württemberg) where he launched his business in 1881- a factory producing materials and articles of clothing. The business ran well, so that by 1931 the adjacent building was acquired. In 1893 the Neuburgers received Bavarian nationality and on request to Ignaz Neuburger the right of domicile and citizenship of Freising was awarded. The family enjoyed an high reputation in Freising as seen in the condolence letter mayor Bierners wrote upon the death of Ignaz Neuburger in 1928 where he was described as "a splendid, honourable man as well as large benefactor of the municipality and its people [Bevölkerung]."
The second large Jewish business in Freising was the department store of the brothers Holzer, which was in the upper high street. The Holzers lived here from 1896. The Lewins established themselves around the turn of the century in Freising and owned the department store Max of Krell which sold carpets and other articles for housing equipment besides clothing and was the largest Jewish business, employing on average also to over twenty. Another Jew, Max of Schülein, was a native Ingolstädter who acquired the iron foundry Josef Frimberger in around 1900 together with its relative Otto Schülein.
The Freisinger day sheet rushed then in August 1938, " that a large arische company still a Jewish Provisionsvertreter busily and does not schämt" itself;. " We stand as Jews before the fact that a hostile power the Regierungsgewalt hat" transferred to Germany;. Thus the comment of the Jewish review reads after the seizure of power and the appointment of Hitler as the realm chancellor to 30.1.1933. The seizure of power by the LV regime introduced the process of the transformation of the Weimar Republic to a party and leader dictatorship.

One of the first realm-far measures against Jewish citizens of Germany was the call for the boycott of the Jewish business on 1 April 1933. Also in Freising up, there posters attached and stationed themselves SA member in the morning before the Jewish business, marched, armed before the doors. Apart from the boycott action also no Jewish advertisements could be printed more in the newspaper starting from April 1933. Also the practice of other vocational activities was as far as possible forbidden or made more difficult. The former customers visited the department stores hardly still or let themselves from fear to be seen their goods on telephone order bring. Thus the first step was done to social exclusion. Were supported and intensified these terror measures by a anti-Jewish propaganda (Stürmer, press, films such as Jud sweet) and the decree of a flood of anti-Jewish legislation (to the 2000). Finally led the Nürnberger of laws of 15.9.1935 also in Freising to further chicaneries of the Jewish citizens. Thus itself Siegfried Neuburger one had e.g. cross-examines submits, because he carried female employees forward during his customer trips on the country. Since its department store was supervised particularly sharply by the opposite circle line in the old municipal authorities building and it therefore nearly only with the surrounding farmers of business make could, undertook it increases these trips. Because of " Handling arischen employees in the Öffentlichkeit" it was taken in protective custody. With the Neuburgers became toward at the end of 1938 - shortly before its way course - which supervise post office. From these letters it follows that " it the life any longer reliably does not fühlten" itself;. From a seizing order of 29.11.1938, which signed Siegfried Neuburger in Dachau, it follows further that he must have been also in the there KZ. One of the last official interferences, which was transacted still in Freising, was the obligatory modification of the names. So three brothers and sisters Neuburger had to carry the names Assur, Sally and Tana for example starting from October 1938. The Pogrom of 9.11.1938 was the signal for the turning point in the anti-Jewish policy it was the transition of the Entrechtung, pursuit and driving out for destruction. At the so-called realm crystal night in the German Reich 90 Jews were murdered and 6000 business in the Jewish possession destroyed themselves or were heavily damaged. Jewish dwellings were stormed and arrested over 30.000 Jews and brought in the KZ. The Jews in the German Reich the visit was forbidden by cultural events, which driving licence decreasing, which forbids school attendance at German schools and which placing of examinations does not permit with handicraft and industrial chambers any longer. Physicians and pharmacists lost their permission and all Jews got a large J into their passport marked. Who pawned its fortune to the state, was allowed to leave the country accelerated. On 10 November 1938 the second large, publicly organized action took place against Jewish citizens and Jew-friendly gesinnte fellow citizens also in Freising. On the basis of four large meetings, which the NSDAP Ortsgruppe in the Kolosseum, in the Stieglbräu, with the new landlord had organized and in the country yard, the population was instigated. A larger crowd with signs marched before the house of the Neuburgers and that the Holzers and demanded loudly that all Jews Freising should leave finally. Irma Holzer on the road was humiliated by the quantity, which became windowpanes of the department store Neuburger hit and the front with the label " The Jud must outside. On after Palästina" provide. Also the attorney and later Freisinger of many years mayor (term of office of 1948-1979) max of Lehner belonged in this night to the pursued ones. Was accused to him Jewish families legal advice to have carried out. A part of the quantity pulled to its house, demanded " Judenknecht" for coming out up and finally got it by force. It struck it and led it with a sign with the label " Juda verrecke" by the city, until the police took it in protective custody. Later circle leader explained Lederer to him that he had no more possibility in Freising further of exercising its occupation than attorney. Under the impression of these events the remaining Jewish families left escape-like Freising, their houses were arisiert. The Lewins (Mrs. Johanna already was
Under the impression of these events the remaining Jewish families left escape-like Freising, their houses were arisiert. The Lewins left, selling their house in 1936 for substantially less than it was worth. Martin Holzer emigrated to Palestine, whilst the Neuburgers remained the longest in the city when their official notice of departure to Munich took place only by 27.x.1939. First escape station of the Jewish families was thus Munich. There they were summarized however after some time in Sammellagern and then began with the deportations the systematic destruction of the Jews. Three brothers and sisters Neuburger were brought to 20.11.1941 after Riga and died four days later with a shooting action in Kowno. Irma Holzer and max of Schülein were deportiert together with 341 Jewish persons at the 4.April 1942 into a transit camp after Piaski in Poland. Bernhard and Henriette Holzer were brought Hanna and Ilse, in July 1942 after Theresienstadt in Nordböhmen, just like the woman and daughter by Oskar Holzer (died on 25 April 1939 in Munich), where they found some months later death. Siegfried Holzer was emigriert, however from there after Auschwitz was deportiert together with his Mrs. Hedda in September 1938 to France. Marcus Lewin took itself in July 1942 in the Sammellager in Munich in mountain at the Laim the life. Survived the Holocaust only two the Freisinger Jew. Hildegard Lewin and Martin Holzer had emigrated straight still in time from Germany. Both returned to the war to Upper Bavaria, however not to Freising. Due to the Rückerstattung and the compensation of the Jewish victims Hildegard Lewin got again its house in the lower main street back. Later it transferred it to its friend Berta Lengger, which it then to the city Freising resold.